Scribing
Transferring an irregular surface onto a workpiece so it fits tight against it — baseboard to a wavy floor, a slab to a boulder, a board to rough stone — plus the rules that apply whatever you're fitting.
A scrap jig that saddles the skirt board and registers against each riser face — plumb it, trace it, and the riser's exact line lands on the side of the board you need to cut.
stair skirtboard template, scribing a skirt board to stairs, layout jig for stair trim
A mitered skirt board — where each riser dies into the skirt with a miter instead of a butt joint — is one of the cleaner looks in stair trim, and one of the fussier layouts. Every riser's face position has to land on the skirt exactly, plumb, while the skirt itself sits at the stair angle. Measure-and-transfer invites compounding errors, and the line you need is usually on the opposite face of the board from the surface you can actually register against.
The old-school answer is a small scrap jig — Dutch britches to some, a preacher block to others.
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